Introduction To Nginx

tangliu@kingsoft.com

Agenda

Introduction
Architecture
Install and Use
Configuration
Development
Tips

Introduction

What?

nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server.
Why?

Performance, Scalability, Availability, Easy

Architecture

Prefork
Asynchronous: epoll, kqueue, select
Modular

Architecture

Install

configure with add module
make
make install

How to Use?

Configuration

Nginx configuration is based on Directives!

Use Nginx is to learn how to use Directives!

Directive Context

main
event
http
upstream
server
location
mail

A Simple Example

						
worker_processes  1; 

events { 
    use epoll; 
} 

http { 
	default_type text/html;
	server {
		listen 80;
		server_name localhost;

		location /hello {
			return 200 "hello world";
		}
	} 
}

Location

How Nginx handle different Request Urls?

Config Different Locations!

location /test {
	return 200 "test1";
}

location ^~ /test/ {
	return 200 "test2";
}

location /test/abc {
	return 200 "test3";
}

Location Match Regulation

Literal Strings

location = /test {
	return 200 "test";
}

Regular Expressions

location ^~ /test1 {
	return 200 "test1";
}

location /test2 {
	return 200 "test2";
}

location ~* \.(gif|jpg)$ {
	return 200 "gif,jpg";
}

Location Search Regulation

Directives with the "=" prefix that match the query exactly (literal string). If found, searching stops. All remaining directives with conventional strings. If this match used the "^~" prefix, searching stops. Regular expressions, in the order they are defined in the configuration file. If #3 yielded a match, that result is used. Otherwise, the match from #2 is used.

Question?

Inner Implementation for Location?

Directives

Tow thing to known:

Inheriting-Hierarchy!
Don't Depend on the order!

Inheriting-Hierarchy

						
server {
	add_header Kss-Hello Hello;
	location /test1 {
		return 200;
	}

	location /test2 {
		add_header Kss-Hello "HelloWorld";
		return 200;
	}
}

Derictive's Order

						
location /test {
	set $hello 'hello';
	echo $hello;

	set $hello 'hello world';
	echo $hello;
}

What the output?

Derictive's Order

						
location /test {
	deny all;
	return 200;
}

Return 200 or 403?

Request Phrase

Post Read Server Rewrite Find Config Phase Rewrite Post Rewrite PreAccess Access PostAccess TryFiles Content Log

Development

Nginx is Modular, develop a module looks simple!

But is it really the case?

A very simple nginx module

Hello Nginx!

Openresty

Use lua for nginx development!

Why lua?

simple, easy to learn.
tiny and powerful.
fast.
coroutine and synchronization.

Thank you, Agentzh!!!!!!

Now we use openresty to do many things!

Authentication

						
location /test {
	access_by_lua 'auth()';
	proxy_pass http://backend;
}

Use access_by_lua, we can authenticate whether the request is valid.

If auth successed, proxy_pass can execute.

SubRequest

						
location /test {
	content_by_lua '
		local res = ngx.location.capture("/_test1", {args = {a = 1, b = 2}})
		local body = res.body
		local res1 = ngx.location.capture("/_test2", {args = {a = body}})
		ngx.say(res1.body)
	';
}

location /_test1 {
	internal;
	return 200 "123";
}

location /_test2 {
	internal;
	return 200 "456";
}

Tips

Reverse Proxy Server

proxy_pass
fastcgi_pass

						
location /test {
	proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8889/;
}

Cache

proxy cache
fastcgi cache

Upstream

						
upstream backend {
	server 127.0.0.1:8888;
	server 127.0.0.1:8889;
}

location /test {
	proxy_pass http://backend;
}

Upstream Load balancer

round-robin
ip-hash
least-conn
consistent-hash
simple-hash

Rewrite

						
location /home {
	echo "home";
}

location /test {
	echo "test";
}

rewrite rewrite ^/home http://$host/test permanent;

Rewrite

						
location /home {
	return 301 http://$host/test;
}

location /test {
	echo "test";
}

Access Control

						
location /test {
	allow 10.20.187.118;
	deny all;
	echo "Hello World";
}

location /test1 {
	deny all;
	allow 10.20.187.118;
	echo "Hello World";
}

Anti-Leech

valid-referers
NginxHttpAccessKeyModule

Introduction To Nginx

siddontang

Introduction To Nginx

0 0