Using Vagrant and Ansible to Configure Development Machines

phpMelb - April 15th, 2014

Damien Buttler

• damien@doublehops.com
• www.doublehops.com
• @doublehops

What Advantages are there in Running Virtual Machines for Development?

• Scripted environments that can shared with team with each environment identical
• No need to have PHP, Nginx or other packages installed on host machine
• Each project can have unique environments and package versions
• Scripts can be used to configure production environments

Using Vagrant and Ansible for Configure Environments

• Vagrant as the virtual machine handler
• Ansible is the configuration tool

Together they make small work out of a complex task

What do we Need?

• Virtual machine package such as Virtualbox or VMware
• Vagrant
• Ansible

*All software runs on Windows, Mac and popular *nix systems.

Vagrant

Vagrant is a lightweight, easy to use wrapper that will create a virtual machine, install an OS and pass control to a provisioner script for configuration.

Configure Vagrant with a Single File

File: ./Vagrantfile

config.vm.box = "wheezy"

config.vm.box_url = "http://puppet-vagrant-boxes.puppetlabs.com/debian-70rc1-x64-vbox4210-nocm.box"

config.vm.hostname = 'debian-web';

config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.10"

config.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www", id: "vagrant-root", :group=>'www-data', :mount_options=>['dmode=775,fmode=775']

config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
   ansible.playbook = "provisioners/playbook.yml"
   ansible.inventory_path = "provisioners/ansible_hosts"
                    

Common Vagrant Commands

• vagrant init
• vagrant up
• vagrant provision
• vagrant status
• vagrant ssh
• vagrant reload
• vagrant suspend
• vagrant halt
• vagrant destroy

Ansible

Ansible is an automation tool for configuration and deployment.

• Is an alternative to Puppet and Chef
• Works over SSH so no need for agents on remote hosts
• Uses YAML markup for commands
• Great documentation
• Very logical commands and syntax

Example Playbook

File: provisioners/playbook.yml

---
- hosts: webservers
  user: vagrant
  sudo: yes

  vars_files:
    - roles/common/vars/vars.yml

  vars:
    templates_dir: "roles/common/templates"

  tasks:
    - include: roles/common/tasks/base.yml
    - include: roles/common/tasks/environment.yml
    - include: roles/common/tasks/add_ppas.yml
    - include: roles/common/tasks/php.yml
    - include: roles/common/tasks/nginx.yml
    - include: roles/common/tasks/mariadb.yml
    ...
                    

Example Task (Add PPAs)

File: provisioners/roles/common/tasks/add_ppas.yml

---
  - name: Add dotdeb main
    apt_repository: repo='deb http://packages.dotdeb.org wheezy all' state=present
  - name: Add dotdeb main src
    apt_repository: repo='deb-src http://packages.dotdeb.org wheezy all' state=present
  - name: Add dotdeb php55
    apt_repository: repo='deb http://packages.dotdeb.org wheezy-php55 all' state=present
  - name: Add dotdeb php55 src
    apt_repository: repo='deb-src http://packages.dotdeb.org wheezy-php55 all' state=present

  - name: APT | Install DotDeb key
    apt_key: url='http://www.dotdeb.org/dotdeb.gpg' state=present
    tags: dotdeb
                    

Example Task (Nginx)

File: provisioners/roles/common/tasks/nginx.yml

---
  - name: Nginx | Install Nginx
    apt:
      pkg=nginx
      state=latest
  
  - name: Nginx | Check vhosts path exists
    file: dest=/etc/nginx/sites-available state=directory
  
  - name: Nginx | Copy vhost files
    copy: src="{{ templates_dir }}/nginx/sites-available/webserver1" dest=/etc/nginx/sites-available owner=root group=root  mode=600
    notify: 
    - nginx-restart
  
  - name: Nginx | Create vhost symlinks
    file: path=/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/webserver state=link src=/etc/nginx/sites-available/webserver1
    notify: 
    - nginx-restart
  
  - name: Nginx | Remove default vhost
    file: dest=/etc/nginx/sites-available/default state=absent
  - name: Nginx | Remove default vhost enabled symlink
    file: dest=/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default state=absent
  
  - name: Nginx | Ensure directory exists
    file: dest=/var/www state=directory
  
  - name: Nginx | Ensure Nginx is running
    service:
      name=nginx
      state=started

                    

Example Task (PHP)

File: provisioners/roles/common/tasks/php.yml

---
  - name: Install PHP5
    apt: pkg={{ item }} state=latest force=yes
    with_items:
      - php5-fpm
      - php5-mysql
      - php5-cli
      - php5-curl

  - name: PHP | Copy PHP config file
    copy: src="{{ templates_dir }}/php/php.ini" dest=/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini owner=root group=root force=yes
    notify: 
    - php5-fpm-restart
                    

Example Handler (PHP)

File: provisioners/roles/common/handlers/php.yml

---
  - name: php5-fpm-start
    service: name=php5-fpm state=started
  
  - name: php5-fpm-restart
    service: name=php5-fpm state=restarted
  
  - name: php5-fpm-stop
    service: name=php5-fpm state=stopped
                    

Live Demo

• Create fresh working path
• Checkout project from Github
• Add record to /etc/hosts (192.168.33.10 development)
• Run `vagrant up`
• Point browser to http://development/

Links

• Vagrant: www.vagrantup.com
• Vagrant boxes: www.vagrantbox.es/
• Ansible: www.ansible.com
• Debian webdev Vagrant/Ansible scripts: github.com/doublehops/debian-webdev-environment

THE END

Damien Buttler

• @doublehops
• damien@doublehops.com