Laravel 101

Winnipeg PHP Meetup - March 26, 2014

Colin Viebrock

Freelance Web Developer/Designer front and back-end
Involved in PHP since 1997 with a few years off for good behaviour
Founder of Green Garage, Prestoh & easyDNS
@cviebrock at Github and Twitter … also on LinkedIn

Laravel

A free, open source, MVC web-application framework

2011 (v1.0) — current (v4.1.24)

Package-based dependency management

laravel.com

Getting Started

Prerequisites

PHP 5.4.x
Mcrypt extension
JSON extension
Composer getcomposer.org and install it globally!

Your First Project

Starting a New Project

composer create-project laravel/laravel my-project --prefer-dist

git clone git@github.com:laravel/laravel.git my-project
cd my-project
composer install

curl -L -O https://github.com/laravel/laravel/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
mv laravel-master my-project
cd my-project
composer install

composer create-project laravel/laravel my-project --prefer-dist

Git it under control

I see what you did.

Project Structure

Project Folders

app < your stuff
bootstrap < startup stuff
public < static stuff: img, js, css, etc.
composer.json < other people's stuff you want
vendor < other people's stuff

Application Folders

app
- commands
- config
- controllers
- database
- lang
- models
- start
- storage
- tests
- views
- filters.php
- routes.php

Artisan

Command line tool to make working with Laravel easier.

php artisan

Built-in Server

php artisan serve --port 8000

php artisan serve localhost:8000

Routing

Basic Routing

 app/routes.phpRoute::get('/', function() {
  return 'Hello World!';
});

git checkout v2.0 localhost:8000

Route Parameters

 app/routes.php// pass parameters via URI

Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
  return 'Hello, ' . $name;
});

 app/routes.php// escape output for safety

Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
  return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
});

 app/routes.php// filter the URI data

Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
  return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
})->where('name','[A-za-z]+');

 app/routes.php// make the param optional

Route::get('/hello/{name?}', function($name='stranger')
{
  return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
})->where('name','[A-za-z]+');

git checkout v2.1 /hello/Colin

Listing Routes

php artisan routes

php artisan routes

Controllers

Controller Routing

 app/routes.phpRoute::get('hello/{name?}', 'HelloController@showWelcome');

 app/controllers/HelloController.phpclass HelloController extends BaseController {

  public function showWelcome($name='stranger')
  {
    return 'Hello, '. e($name) . '!';
  }

}

git checkout v3.0 /hello/colin

RESTful Controllers

 app/routes.phpRoute::controller('users', 'UsersController');

 app/controllers/UsersController.phpclass UsersController extends BaseController {

  public function getIndex() {
      // GET http://domain.com/users
  }

  public function postProfile() {
      // POST http://domain.com/users/profile
  }

}

git checkout v3.0 app/routes.php app/controllers/UsersController.php

Resource Controllers

php artisan controller:make PostsController

 app/routes.phpRoute::resource('posts', 'PostsController');

 app/controllers/PostsController.phpclass PostsController extends BaseController {

  public function index() {}
  public function create() {}
  public function store() {}
  public function show($id) {}
  public function edit($id) {}
  public function update($id) {}
  public function destroy($id) {}

}

php artisan routes

php artisan controller:make PostsController app/routes.php app/controllers/PostsController.php php artisan routes

Views

Passing Data to Views

 app/controller/HelloController.phpclass HelloController extends BaseController {

  public function showWelcome($name='stranger')
  {
    return View::make('hello', array('name'=>$name) );
  }

}

 app/controller/HelloController.phpclass HelloController extends BaseController {

  public function showWelcome($name='stranger')
  {
    return View::make('hello', compact('name') );
  }

}

 app/views/hello.php<html>
  <body>
    <p>Hello, <?php echo e($name); ?>!</p>
  </body>
</html>

 app/views/hello.blade.php<html>
  <body>
    <p>Hello, {{{ $name }}}!</p>
  </body>
</html>

git checkout 4.0 app/controllers/HelloController.php app/views/hello.blade.php

Blade Templating

Outputting Data

 app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php<html>
  <body>
    // echo and escape output
    Hello {{ $name }}!  Hello {{{ $html }}}!
  </body>
</html>

If Statements

 app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php@if( $name=='Bob' )
  Good to see you, Bob!
@elseif( $name=='Mary' )
  Howya doing, Mary!
@else
  Hey, where did Bob go?
@endif

@unless( $signed_in )
  You are not signed in.
@endunless

Loops

 app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php@for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
  The current value is {{ $i }}
@endfor

@foreach ($users as $user)
  <p>This is user {{ $user->id }}</p>
@endforeach

@while (true)
  <p>Make it stop!</p>
@endwhile

Layouts

 app/views/layouts/master.blade.php<html>
  <body>
    @include('header')  {{-- app/views/header.blade.php --}}

    @section('sidebar')
      This is the master sidebar.
    @show

    <div class="container">
      @yield('content', 'Default content')
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

 app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php@extends('layouts.master')

@section('sidebar')
  @parent
  <p>This is appended to the master sidebar.</p>
@stop

@section('content')
  <p>This is my body content.</p>
@stop

git checkout v4.1

Database

Supported Databases

Out-of-the-box support for:

MySQL
Postgres
SQLite
SQL Server

Configuration

 app/config/database.phpreturn array(
  'default' => 'mysql',

  'connections' => array(
    'mysql' => array(
      'driver'    => 'mysql',
      'host'      => 'localhost',
      'database'  => 'my-project',
      'username'  => 'db_user',
      'password'  => 's3creT_pa5sw0rD'
      'charset'   => 'utf8',
      'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'    => '',
    ),
  …

 app/config/database.phpreturn array(
  'default' => 'mysql',

  'connections' => array(
    'mysql' => array(
      'driver'    => 'mysql',
      'host'      => 'localhost',
      'database'  => 'my-project',
      'username'  => $_ENV['MYSQL_USER'],
      'password'  => $_ENV['MYSQL_PASS'],
      'charset'   => 'utf8',
      'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'    => '',
    ),
  …

Secret Environment Variables

 .env.phpreturn array(
  'MYSQL_USER' => 'dbuser',
  'MYSQL_PASS' => 's3creT_pa5sw0rD',
);

git checkout v5.0

Migrations

Preparing

php artisan migrate:install

php artisan migrate:make create_posts_table --create="posts"

php artisan migrate:install php artisan migrate:make create_posts_table --create="posts"

Migration File

 app/database/migrations/###_create_posts_table.phpuse Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreatePostsTable extends Migration {

  /**
   * Run the migrations.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function up()
  {
    //
  }

  /**
   * Reverse the migrations.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function down()
  {
    //
  }

}

Schema Building

public function up()
{
  Schema::create('posts', function(Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('title', 50);
    $table->text('text')->nullable();
    $table->boolean('active')->default(true);
    $table->timestamps();  // created_at and updated_at
  });
}
public function down()
{
  Schema::drop('posts');
}

Run Migrations

php artisan migrate

Ooops!

php artisan migrate:rollback

SQL

Models

Eloquent

 app/models/Post.phpclass Post extends Eloquent {}

Create a New Model

$post = Post::create(
  array(
    'title'  => 'My First Post',
    'text'   => 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit',
    'active' => true,
  )
);

git checkout v5.1 app/routes.php /make-post SQL

Retrieving

$post = Post::find(1);
$post = Post::findOrFail(1);
$posts = Post::where('id','>',3)->get();
$post = Post::where('title','LIKE','laravel')->first();
$posts = Post::all();

Using

$post = Post::find(1);

echo $post->title;
echo $post->created_at;		// uses Carbon package for date handling
$posts = Post::all();

foreach( $posts as $post )
{
  echo $post->title;
}

Deleting

$post = Post::find(1);
$post->delete();
Post::destroy(1);
Post::destroy(1,2,3);
$lastWeek = Carbon::now()->subWeek();
Post::where('created_at','<', $lastWeek)->delete();

Accessors & Mutators

Accessors

class Post extends Eloquent {

    public function getTitleAttribute($value)
    {
        return ucwords($value);
    }

}
$post = Post::create(array(
  'title' => 'my first post'
));

echo $post->title;		// "My First Post"

Mutators

class Post extends Eloquent {

    public function setTextAttribute($value)
    {
        $value = trim($value);
        $this->attributes['text'] = $value;

        // not limited to modifying the one attribute
        $this->attributes['excerpt'] = substr($value,0,97) . '...';

    }

}

git checkout v5.2 app/models/Post.php app/routes.php /make-post SQL

Relationships

One-to-One

class Comment extends Eloquent {

  // comments table has an `author_id` field

  public function author()
  {
    return $this->hasOne('Author');
  }

}
$author = Comment::find(1)->author;

Inverse

class Author extends Eloquent {

  // authors table needs a `post_id` column

  public function comment()
  {
    return $this->belongsTo('Comment');
  }

}
$title = Author::find(1)->comment->title;

One-to-Many

class Book extends Eloquent {

  // books table has `author_id` column

  public function author()
  {
    return $this->belongsTo('Author');
  }

}

class Author extends Eloquent {

  public function books()
  {
    return $this->hasMany('Book');
  }

}
$my_books = Author::where('firstname','=','Colin')->books;

Many-to-Many

class Book extends Eloquent {
  public function tags()
  {
    return $this->belongsToMany('Tag');
  }
}

class Tag extends Eloquent {
  public function books()
  {
    return $this->belongsToMany('Book');
  }
}

Pivot Table

Schema::create('book_tag', function(Blueprint $table) {
  $table->increments('id');
  $table->integer('book_id')->unsigned()->index();
  $table->integer('tag_id')->unsigned()->index();
});

git checkout v6.0 app/model/Book.php app/model/Author.php app/model/Tags.php php artisan migrate php artisan db:seed SQL

Eager Loading

Book::with('author')->get();

Book::with('author','tags')->get();

Tag::with('books.author')->get();

Form Handing

Building Forms

{{ Form::open() }}

{{ Form::label('title') }}
{{ Form::text('title', 'default', array('class'=>'form-control') }}

{{ Form::label('text', 'Enter the full text:') }}
{{ Form::textarea('text', 'default', array('placeholder'=>'Enter the text') }}

{{ Form::email('email') }}

{{ Form::checkbox('is_active', 1, null, array('tabindex'=>4) }}
  {{ Form::label('is_active', 'Yes') }}

{{ Form::submit('Send it!')}}

{{ Form::close() }}

Handling Input

$input = Input::get('field','default');

$input = Input::only('firstname','lastname');
$input = Input::except('credit_card');
$input = Input::get('choices.0.name');

$input = Input::all();

$input = Input::file('upload_field');

Form Model Binding

$book = Book::findOrFail($id);
return View::make('books.edit', compact('book'));

{{ Form::model($book, array('route'=>array('books.update', $book->id), 'method'=>'PUT') ) }}

{{ Form::text('title')}}
{{ Form::textarea('description')}}
…

{{ Form::close() }}

Validation

Validation Rules

$data = array(
  'title' => 'My First Post',
  'text'  => 'Lorem hipster YOLO sic amet, semiotics banh mi flexitarian.',
));

$rules = array(
  'title'        => 'required|min:5',
  'description'  => 'required|max:100'
);

Validation

$validator = Validator::make( $data, $rules );

if ( $validator->fails() )       // ->passes()
{
  $messages = $validator->messages();
  …
}

if ( $messages->has('email') )
{
  echo $messages->first('email', '<p>:message</p>');
}

$messages->get('field');
$messages->all();

Validation Rules

$rules = array(
  'firstname'  => 'required',
  'lastname'   => 'alpha',
  'email'      => 'email',
  'age'        => 'integer|between:18,65',
  'agree'      => array('required','accepted'),
  'website'    => 'url',
  'password'   => 'confirmed',              // implies matching 'password_confirmation' data
  'company_id' => 'exists:companies,id',
  'gender'     => 'in:male,female',
  'photo'      => 'mimes:jpeg,png|max:100', // kilobytes
  'postalcode' => 'regex:^[A-Z][0-9][A-Z] ?[0-9][A-Z][0-9]$'
);

Logging

Built on top of Monolog

Log::info('This is some useful information.');

Log::info('Information with context', array('context' => 'Other helpful information'));

Log::warning('Something could be going wrong.');

Log::error('OMGWTFBBQ!');

app/storage/logs/laravel.log

Query Logging

$queries = DB::getQueryLog();

DB::connection()->disableQueryLog();

git checkout v6.1 /books /books/1

Caching

Cache Configuration

app/config/cache.php
Drivers:
- file
- database
- apc
- memcached
- redis
- array

Cache Usage

Cache::put('key', 'value', $minutes);

$expiresAt = Carbon::now()->addHours(10);
Cache::put('key', 'value', $expiresAt);

if (Cache::has('key')) { … }

$value = Cache::get('key');
$value = Cache::get('key', 'default');
$value = Cache::get('key', function() { return 'default'; });

$value = Cache::forever('key', 'value');

Cache::forget('key');

Advanced Cache Usage

$books = Cache::remember('all-books', 10, function()
{
  return Book::with('author')
    ->orderBy('title')
    ->get();
});

app/controllers/BookController.php /books etc.

Mail

Mail Configuration

Built on top of SwiftMailer
app/config/mail.php
Drivers:
- smtp
- mail
- sendmail

Mail Usage

Mail::send('emails.view', $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!');
});

Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!');
});

Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!')
    ->cc('bar@example.com')
    ->bcc('snoop@nsa.gov');
});

Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!')
    ->cc('bar@example.com')
    ->bcc('snoop@nsa.gov');

  $message->attach($pathToFile);
});

Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!')
    ->cc('bar@example.com')
    ->bcc('snoop@nsa.gov');

  $message->attach($pathToFile, array('as' => $display, 'mime' => $mime));
});

Inline data

<body>
  Here is an image <img src="{{ $message->embed($pathToFile) }}">
</body>

<body>
  Here is raw image data <img src="{{ $message->embedData($data, $name) }}">
</body>

Queueing Mail

Mail::queue('emails.view', $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!');
});

Mail::later($seconds, 'emails.view', $data, function($message)
{
  $message->to('colin@example.com', 'Colin Viebrock')
    ->subject('Welcome!');
});

Queues

Queue Configuration

app/config/queue.php
Drivers:
- sync local syncronous queuing; no requirements
- beanstalkd Beanstalkd: pda/pheanstalk
- sqs Amazon SQS: aws/aws-sdk-php
- iron IronMQ: iron-io/iron_mq

Queue Usage

$data = array('foo' => 'bar');

Queue::push('MyJob', $data);

class MyJob {

  public function fire($job, $data)
  {
    …
  }

}

Advanced Queue Usage

Queue::push('MyJob@someMethod', $data);

$date = Carbon::now()->addMinutes(15);
Queue::later($date, 'MyJob', $data);

Job Handling

public function fire($job, $data)
{
    // Process the job...

    $job->delete();
}

public function fire($job, $data)
{
    // Process the job...

    $job->release();
}

$job->release( $seconds );

if ( $job->attempts() > 3 )
{
  …
}

Queue Listening

php artisan queue:listen

php artisan queue:listen --sleep=5

php artisan queue:listen --timeout=60

php artisan queue:work

Laravel 101 – Artisan – Outputting Data

cviebrock

Laravel 101 – Artisan – Outputting Data

6 5 (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

laravel-101-slides

Laravel 101

Colin Viebrock

Laravel

Getting Started

Prerequisites

Your First Project

Starting a New Project

Git it under control

Project Structure

Project Folders

Application Folders

Artisan

Artisan

Built-in Server

Routing

Basic Routing

Route Parameters

Listing Routes

Controllers

Controller Routing

RESTful Controllers

Resource Controllers

Views

Passing Data to Views

Blade Templating

Outputting Data

If Statements

Loops

Layouts

Database

Supported Databases

Configuration

Secret Environment Variables

Migrations

Preparing

Migration File

Schema Building

Run Migrations

Ooops!

Models

Eloquent

Create a New Model

Retrieving

Using

Deleting

Accessors & Mutators

Accessors

Mutators

Relationships

One-to-One

Inverse

One-to-Many

Many-to-Many

Pivot Table

Eager Loading

Form Handing

Building Forms

Handling Input

Form Model Binding

Validation

Validation Rules

Validation

Validation Rules

Logging

Logging

Query Logging

Caching

Cache Configuration

Cache Usage

Advanced Cache Usage

Mail

Mail Configuration

Mail Usage

Inline data

Queueing Mail

6 5