cascadiaJS

DesignV

Development

The meta purpose of this talk to to attempt to bridge the gap between developers and designers.

How many of you consider yourselves a designer? Developer? Hybrid?

Designing animations for software has always been a bit decoupled from the implementation. translating that onto web or mobile is always a bit tricky.

Developers can also benefit by understanding some of the basic principles behind animation design so they can add in some interesting elements to their interface designs

Early in Disney's history, they had a bunch of "old men", really young at the time that were looking to explore a new art form

Disney's desire to devise a way of animating that seemed more 'real' in terms of how things moved, and how that movement might be used to express character and personality.

Windsor McCay working at disney, came up with a way to create cartoon animations

Traditional disney animation consisted of the best designers creating a few key animation drawings and then a "inbetweener" would draw in the scenes between. This is where keyframe and tween came to be.

We use software to be the "inbetweener".

So instead of a human determining tbe direction and speed that this figure flips, we've can use math to actually create very organic and natural animations from one state to the next.

Movement creates life

Take a simple static image with very little personality...

irony is that movies at the time had much jankier movements than cartoons. Tweening could make Gertie actually feel more real than chaplan

Animations are cognitive aids

Motion is something we as humans inately respond to. But we are also very sensitive to it. So it needs to feel right.

• Google Material Design
• iOS 7 Design Resources
• Metro UI CSS

What does it mean to "feel" right?

It is very much based in reality and in our interaction with normal object in our daily lives

Things have understood physical properties which we can intuit to mean certain things. this is affordance.

A signifier is a signal that indicates how an object can be used

User interfaces can naturally lead people to take the correct steps to accomplish their goals.. using design to guide... not text content

"a desirable property of a user interface — software which naturally leads people to take the correct steps to accomplish their goals."

In the world of design, what matters is: 1. If the desired controls can be perceived A: In an easy to use design, if they can both readily be perceived and interpreted 2. If the desired actions can be discovered B: In an easy to use design, whether standard conventions are obeyed

Motion detection

Auto Loading

animations can enhance the brand - elegant or playful

feedback

It’s nice to feel like things are reacting to what you’re doing.

Navigation

death of breadcrumbs

users more willing to explore if it is fun

Progressive Disclosure

reduce cognitive load

only show me what is relevant now

guidance

nudging - feedforward

continuity & pace

Context

keep your users informed

Tweetie

patent

continuity & pace

How do you communicate animation ideas?

Math

Animation has its roots in some very easy math functions.

Coming up with an easy way to play around with animations can actually be a bit tricky without pulling out Flinto or Adobe Quartz or some bloated framework.

I am assuradly not good at math. I can get by, about as well as I can get by in paris with my french. which is to say, i can communicate, i can have some fun, and I can get what I want to get across across. I feel about the same with math and happily have found ways to have fun with it in my coding.

Moving pixels

var ball = document.getElementById('ball');
var start = 0;
var basicAnimation = function (e) {
	start += 12;	     
	basic.style.left = start + "px"; 
  if (Math.abs(start) <= 800) {
    requestAnimationFrame(basicAnimation);
  }	
}

Simple addition of one pixel on another.

Doesn't give much insight into where you are at within the animation - you know position but not necessarily how much progress has been made.

Animation gets interesting when you can start to think of things in terms of percent changed

The basics of animation: interpolation

valueAtTime = (end - start) * time / duration + start

One simple formula describes all animation.

To make these motions appear realistic, interpolation algorithms have been sought which follow, or approximate real life motion dynamics. This applies to things such as the motion of arms and legs from frame to frame, or the motion of all parts of a face, given the motion of the important, key points of the face. Defining the motion of key strands of hair, spread around an animal, can be made into full fur. Using custom algorithms, motions with unique, unnatural and entertaining visual characteristics can be formed. The color of an object can be defined by key color-locations or frames allowing the computation of smooth color gradients around an object or varying in time.

It is all based on time. You need to know where you are going to start, where you want to go (change), where you are currently, and what the total duration should be for the animation

Breaking it down to [0-1]

valueAtTime = (end - start) * time / duration + start

Change @ Percent Complete

when making some kind of animation, we know the starting and ending positions, and want to transition between these. All of these can be converted to interpolation from 0 to 1.

you are trying to map everything into a point of reference between 0 and 1

multiply any value between 0 and 1 with another value between 0 and 1, and the result is guaranteed to be between 0 and 1.

So Interpolation allows you to start talking more generally and easily porting over whatever you need to put motion to into a very easy range of reference.

Timing

var time, startTime;
var start = function () {
  startTime = new Date().getTime();
  run();
}
var run = function () {
  time = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
  div.style.left = 900 * time / 1000 + "px";
  if(value < 1) requestAnimationFrame(run);
}

Now we have a consistent number to work with. All animations will fall in a range from [0-1]. The percentage of completion…

What a property value is at any given time isn't nearly as important as how that property changed from its initial value to the final value over the lifetime of the animation.

//valueAtTime = (end - start) * time / duration + start
div.style.left = 900-0 * time/1000 + 0+"px";

The vast majority of mathematical equations and natural phenomena are nonlinear, with linearity being the exceptional, but important, case.

With Fermi and John Pasta, Ulam studied the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam problem, which became the inspiration for the vast field of Nonlinear Science. He is probably best known for Monte Carlo method which was based on his realising that electronic computers made it practical to apply statistical methods to functions without known solutions, and as computers have developed, the Monte Carlo method has become a ubiquitous and standard approach to many problems.

Natural movement

Torque, drag, spin, friction

nothing in our world moves linearly - nothing has perfectly maintained speed except in vacuums - we don’t live in vacuums, we live with friction and barriers and drag - we accelerate and decelerate at differing rates - we experience yaw, torque, etc

Easing functions

Easing

			valueAtTime = (end - start) * easingfunction([0-1]) + start		
		

Change in property times (some float) plus beginning value.

Power Functions - EaseIn

var run = function () {
  time = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
  div.style.left = 900 * Math.pow(percentChange, 3) + "px";
  if(time / duration < 1) requestAnimationFrame(run);
}

Power Functions - EaseOut

var run = function () {
  time = new Date().getTime() - startTime;  
  div.style.left=(endX - startX)* 
  (1 - Math.pow(1 - (t / d), 3)) +startX+"px";
  if(time / duration < 1) requestAnimationFrame(run);
}

Trig! ... sine :)

var run = function () {
  time = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
  div.style.left=(endX - startX)* 
  Math.sin( t/d * Math.PI / 2 ) +startX+"px";
  if(time / duration < 1) requestAnimationFrame(run);
}

Introducing time and motion changed everything for me, because what I realized was that it gave you precise control over the emotion you are trying to convey and how an audience will interpret your message. I’d often look to title sequences for inspiration because I was fascinated with how a 30 second or 3 minute sequence had the ability to set the tone for an entire film and foreshadow what was going to happen.

Follow Through

> 1

We can also go beyond that 0-1 range

One of the 12 Basic Principles of Animation is Follow through or elastic movement.

Follow through refers to an animation technique where things don't stop animating suddenly. They exceed their final target slightly before snapping back into place. This useful technique is something that can only be done by going beyond the 0-1 range.

Elasticity

var run = function () {
  time = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
  div.style.left=(endX - startX)* 
  k * k * ( ( s + 1 ) * k - s ) +startX+"px";
  if(time / duration < 1) requestAnimationFrame(run);
}

Bounce

var easeFunc = function(k) {
if ( k < ( 1 / 2.75 ) ) { 
return 7.5625 * k * k;
} else if ( k < ( 2 / 2.75 ) ) { 
return 7.5625 * ( k -= ( 1.5 / 2.75 ) ) * k + 0.75;
} else if ( k < ( 2.5 / 2.75 ) ) {	
return 7.5625 * ( k -= ( 2.25 / 2.75 ) ) * k + 0.9375;
} else { 
return 7.5625 * ( k -= ( 2.625 / 2.75 ) ) * k + 0.984375; } }
div.style.left=(endX - startX)* easeFunc(t/d) +startX+"px";
				

Tools

Prototyping

• Keynote
• Flinto (iOS)
• InVision

• Axure
• Protoshare
• Justinmind
• Easel (Github)

• Animate.css
• CSSanimate.com
• Material Design Lite

position, scale, rotation and opacity

• Framer.js
• Tween.js
• GSAP (Greensock)
• jQuery

Performance

As far as performance, there is a lot to consider before you can just say CSS is better than JS. CSS gets touted as being more performant because it offloads calculations to a different thread and harnesses the GPU

JS translate3d or matrix3d.

specific to Transforms (scale, rotation, translation, and skew) and opacity

work is in the initial rendering and document layout, css layer won't have to redraw the full canvas.

Go forth and animate!

References

• Easing Functions
• Don Norman - The Design of Everyday Things
• Google Material Design
• Apple Human Interface Design
• Disney's Twelve Basic Principles of Animation
• Birds on a Wire