PBR prototype

sketchfab demo at siggraph 2014

by Cedric Pinson / @trigrou @sketchfab

Light [5]

Micro geometry

Surface rough

Surface plane

Light interaction

Reflection

Refraction

Metal

Light is reflected

Refracted light is absorbed

Non Metal

Light is reflected

Light is refracted

Simplification

Diffuse / Specular

Microfacet Specular BRDF

Specular [5]

F: Fresnel (F_Schlick)

D: Normal distribution function (D_GGX)

G: Geometry function (G_SmithGGX)

Diffuse

PBR components

• Materials (Albedo/Roughness/Metalness)
• HDR Environments
• Area lights
• Camera
• Use reference mitsuba [5]

Environment

Use enfironment as lightsource

Diffuse

precompute irradiance [1]

cubemap / spherical harmonics

Irradiance

Pseudo code Diffuse

for ( int i = 0; i < nbSamples; i++ ) {

    vec2 u       =  getSample(i);
    vec3 h       =  importanceSampleCos(u);
    vec3 l       =  h;
    vec3 dir     =  iblTransform * l;
    vec3 env     =  textureCubeLod( ibl, dir, 0.0 );
    contrib      += env / PI;

}

Specular

prefilter roughness or more [2]

importance sampling [3]

Pseudo code Specular

for ( int i = 0; i < nbSamples; i++ ) {

    vec2  u       =  getSample(i);
    vec3  h       =  importanceSampleGGX(u);
    vec3  l       =  reflect(v, h);
    float g       =  g_smithGGX( roughness, NoV, NoL);
    vec3  f       =  f_schlick( f0, NoH);
    float d       =  d_ggx( NoH, roughness);
    vec3  dir     =  iblTransform * l;
    vec3  env     =  textureCubeLod( ibl, dir, 0.0 );
    contrib      +=  env * g * f * d / ( 4.0 * NoV * NoL );

}

Importance sampling

Use texture lod as approximation

Implementation

• Texture lod is the minimum tool to store data
• hdr is also a requirement

WebGL Stats [4]

WebGL Stats [4]

Issues

• Texture lod extension is not well supported
• Float tetxure extension is not 100% supported

Float texture issue

Need to use something like RGBE [8]

Need to do trilinear manually

Texture lod issue

Can't use once cubemap

Can use multi cubemap [9]

// Ok, this is ugly, but there is an explanation ...
vec3 ComputeEnvColor(float roughness, vec3 refl)
{
    float a = roughness * roughness * 6.0;
    if ( a < 1.0)
        return mix(textureCube(envMap0, refl).rgb, textureCube(envMap1, refl).rgb, a);

    if ( a < 2.0)
        return mix(textureCube(envMap1, refl).rgb, textureCube(envMap2, refl).rgb, a - 1.0);

    if ( a < 3.0)
        return mix(textureCube(envMap2, refl).rgb, textureCube(envMap3, refl).rgb, a - 2.0);

    if ( a < 4.0)
        return mix(textureCube(envMap3, refl).rgb, textureCube(envMap4, refl).rgb, a - 3.0);

    if ( a < 5.0)
        return mix(textureCube(envMap4, refl).rgb, textureCube(envMap5, refl).rgb, a - 4.0);

    return textureCube(envMap5, refl).rgb;
}

Cubemap seams

No ARB_seamless_cube_map extension [10]

AMD cubemap gen has code to fixup [1]

image from Ignacio Castaño post [12]

Panorama alternative

Can use panorama with lod inline

Panorama issue

Panorama suffer from pole low resolution

Virtualize UV for lod

vec4 computeUVForMipmap( const in float level, const in vec2 uv, const in vec2 size, const in float maxLOD ) {
    float widthForLevel = pow( 2.0, maxLOD-level);

    // the height locally for the level in pixel
    vec2 sizeForLevel = vec2( widthForLevel, widthForLevel - 2.0 ); // -2.0 avoid bleeding on the top
    // globally the texture is square so width = height for texture size
    float globalOffsetVInTexel = size.x - sizeForLevel.x; // in texel

    float oneOnSizeX = 1.0 / size.x;

    // we will need to transform our original uv to the mipmap level space
    vec2 ratio = sizeForLevel * oneOnSizeX;

    // u = u * ratioU
    // v = v * ratioV + offsetY / height
    vec2 uvGlobal = uv * ratio;

    float globalOffsetV = globalOffsetVInTexel * oneOnSizeX;
    uvGlobal.y += globalOffsetV;

    // zw contains the max box of the local mip level
    return vec4( uvGlobal.x, uvGlobal.y, ratio.x, ratio.y + globalOffsetV );
}

Demo

Panorama example

Sketchfab siggraph prototype [11]

Resources

Thank you