First

The editor, what is it about

Modal editor

Hu ? Modal editor?

A modal editor has different modes of operation.

• Normal mode
• Insert mode
• Visual mode

• normal mode: you give commands, no editing
• insert mode: editing as you are used to
• visual mode: selecting text
• next few slides are for online readers

Normal mode

In this mode everything you “type” is interpreted as a command you give.

Insert mode

This is what you are used to, start typing and you are adding text

• “i” => insert mode at current position
• “I” => insert mode at beginning of line
• “a” => insert mode at next position (appending)
• “A” => insert mode at end of line (appending)
• “o” => insert mode open new line after current line
• “O” => insert mode open new line before current line
• “r” => insert mode replace current character
• “R” => insert mode start replace from current character

you can start writing at:

• current position
• beginning of line
• after position
• end of line
• new line after current line
• new line before current line
• replace current char
• replace from current char

Visual mode

This mode could be compared to selecting some text

• “v” => highlight continuous text from current position
• “V” => highlight complete lines
• “ctrl + v” => highlight block mode (columns)

To define a visual highlight you can use all movement keys

block selection:

• continuous: like dragging with the mouse
• lines
• block

Moving around without mouse and without arrow keys

In the end you should move around without mouse or arrow keys

Basic movement

• Bill Joy created vi on ADM-3A computer terminal
• That had arrows printed on the hjkl keys

Faster movement

• by word
  • “w,e” => forward beginning or end of word
  • “W,E” => forward beginning or end of word (context)
  • “b,ge” => backward beginning or end of word
• line
  • “0” => beginning of line
  • “^” => beginning of line (non whitespace char)
  • “$” => end of line

Faster movement

• “gg” => beginning of document
• “G” => end of document
• “{N}G” => goto linenumber {N}
• “ctrl + f” => 'scroll' page forward
• “ctrl + b” => 'scroll' page backward

Search movement

• “/{search}” => search forward for {search}
• “?{search}” => search backard for {search}
• “f{char}” => goto first occurence of {char} on this line
• “F{char}” => backward of “f”
• “t{char}” => goto char before first occurence of {char} on line
• “T{char}” => reverse of “t”

https://bitbucket.org/tednaleid/vim-shortcut-wallpaper

Commands

Why? Commands! This is just a text editor, why don't you just let me write some text.

Common commands

• Quit: “:q”
• Quit and I don't care about the changes: “:q!”
• Quit everything: “:qa”
• Write: “:w”
• Write and quit: “:wq”

“:help editing.txt”

• quit
• write
• here you already can see the power of combination

Copy / paste

• Copy: “y” (called yank)
• Cut: “d” (delete)
• Cut Characters: “x” (cut after); “X” (cut before)
• Paste: “p”

“:help change.txt”

• copy is called yank
• cut is delete
• side note: vim can use multiple registers to store copy/past data

Text Manipulation

• Replace current selection: “r”
• Replace from current postion: “R”
• Substitute (search and replace):“:s/{pattern}/{substitution}/{flags}”
• Flip the case of character: “~”
• Increment number: “ctrl + a”
• Decrement number: “ctrl + x”

“:help change.txt”

• search and replace is fully regex based
• some neat tricks
• case, increment, decrement

Undo / Redo

• Undo: “u”
• Undo last change on this line: “U”
• Redo: “ctrl + r”

“:help undo.txt”

• undo/redo works like a git commit history, even with branches and such

Quantifiers

Quantifiers can be used to 'extend' the reach of a command

• Move to the 5th word: “5w”
• Yank the next 3 lines: “3yy”
• Delete up til the end of the 3rd word form here: “d3e”

• most things can be used in combination with quantifiers

Ranges

Most commands support ranges, ranges are defined like“:{start},{end} {command}”

• Visual selection: “:'<,'>”
• All lines in file: “:%”
• From line 4 to 10; “:4,10”

“:help range”

• like quantifiers ranges support most commands

Formatting text

• Center align: “:ce {width}”
• Right align: “:ri {width}”
• Left align: “:le {indent}”
• Format paragraph: “gqip”
• Format current selection: “gq”

“:help formatting” “:help text-objects”

• layout a text document
• markdown tables
• ...

Extendability

Vim has it's own programming language VimL.

Most plugins are written in VimL

But not limited to it, you can use python, ruby, perl and lua too.

Configure Vim

The configuration will be done in “~/.vimrc” and addidional plugins to make our lives easier go into “~/.vim”

Choose mode

Vim has a vi compatible mode or you can choose to use the no compatible mode to be able to use all Vim specific features

Backup rules

Vim creates a backup of every file you edit, it also keeps a “swap” file by default. Vim also keeps views around but I personally never saw one saved to disk.

Vim can also persist undo information.

By default all these files are stored next to the file you are editing, this can pollute your source tree.

• backup files
• persistent undo is insanely powerfull

Filetype, syntax highlighting

We have to enable syntax highlighting and filetype detection, most distributions already enable this by default.

• Just be honest, we like colors better than just black and white
• If you are getting on a ubuntu server, first action: apt-get install vim
• most linux distributions have syntax highlighting enabled by default
• In many distributions the default vim installed is a vi compatbile tiny version, install the full version!

Tabstop

Tabstop is going to define how the syntax indentation and tab key will behave.

Linenumbers

When we are programming knowing what line we are on

Colorscheme

And ofcourse we 'never' use the default colorscheme since we all think thatone is not good enough for us

Many more configuration possibilities

The ones mentioned before are “most” important to start doing our job

Demo configuration

 1 " nocompatible must be first ( use the real vimpower )
 2 set nocompatible

 4 " backup rules
 5 set backup " enable backup files (.txt~)
 6 set undofile " enable persistent undo
 7 
 8 silent execute '!mkdir -p $HOME/.vim/tmp/backup'
 9 set backupdir=$HOME/.vim/tmp/backup " where to store backup
10 silent execute '!mkdir -p $HOME/.vim/tmp/swap'
11 set directory=$HOME/.vim/tmp/swap " where to store swap
12 silent execute '!mkdir -p $HOME/.vim/tmp/views'
13 set viewdir=$HOME/.vim/tmp/views " where to store view
14 silent execute '!mkdir -p $HOME/.vim/tmp/undo'
15 set undodir=$HOME/.vim/tmp/undo " where to store undo 

17 " syntax
18 syntax on " enable syntax highlighting
19 " filetype
20 filetype on " enable filetype detection
21 filetype plugin on " enable filetype plugins
22 filetype indent on " enable filetype indentation

Demo configuration

24 " tabstop settings
25 set tabstop=4 " a tab will be represented with 4 columns
26 set softtabstop=4 " <tab> is pressed in insert mode 4 columns
27 set shiftwidth=4 " indentation is 4 columns
28 set noexpandtab " tabs are tabs, do not replace with spaces

30 " show linenumbers
31 set number

33 " colorscheme
34 set background=dark " indicate we'll use dark background
35 colorscheme elflord " example colorscheme, is default available, many more can be added

vim configuration in steps

Stuff for coders, what do we want?

• completion
• search in files
• file/folder navigation
• (syntax) errors
• project based configuration
• vcs integration
• debugging

Many of the things we need are available out of the box

completion

• “ctrl-x ctrl-f” file names
• “ctrl-x ctrl-l” whole lines
• “ctrl-x ctrl-i” current and included files
• “ctrl-x ctrl-k” words from a dictionary
• “ctrl-x ctrl-t” words from a thesaurus
• “ctrl-x ctrl-]” tags
• “ctrl-x ctrl-v” Vim command line

• filenames
• lines
• current and included files
• words from dictionaray/thesaurus
• tags
• vim cli

supertab

Supertab is a plugin that makes completion 'super' easy.

(C)tags

(C)tags is not really a plugin, it is a built in feature of Vim. This built in feature can already start making our lives much easier.

There are plugins to generate your tagfiles on save, or on quit. I personally generate them whenever I see fit.

• Jump to tag under cursor: “ctrl+]”
• Go back to originating file: “ctrl+t”

“:help tagsrch.txt”

search (in) files

• “:grep {search} {infiles}”
• “:lgrep {search} {infiles}”
• “:vimgrep {search} {infiles}”
• “:lvimgrep {search} {infiles}”

• “:cnext” goto the next result
• “:cprevious” goto the previous result

The default search functions in Vim are fairly hard to use

ctrlp.vim

In short this is a fuzzy typed fast filefinder

ack.vim

As you could guess the plugin uses the ack command to search in code files.

• ack
• ag (the_silver_searcher)

file/folder navigation

There is by default a file navigator built in in vim called netrw, if you have to use it, it does the job fine, but it is not really user frienly.

We can also easily navigate our files if we use tags.

The NERD Tree

The NERD Tree is a tree like file explorer for vim

NERDtree + Ack.vim

NERDTree Ack is an extension for nerdtree which adds a few menu items to search with ack

syntax errors

You could manually abuse the makeprg setting in vim and set it to “php -l %” but when using PHP, html, javascript, ... you might want syntax errors for all of those languages.

Syntastic

Syntastic is a syntax checker plugin, it will run a syntax check on the open file.

• uses external tools
• php -l
• phpmd
• ...

project based configuration

We must explicitly add a configuration option to allow vim to load a .vimrc file from the directory you are starting vim from.

“:help exrc”

Sauce for Vim

Sauce is a “project” like plugin, it creates an extra project specific vimrc file where you can keep the location of the project, maybe indenting options, ...

vcs integration

These days we are so used to vcs integration we also depend on it inside our editor/ide

vim-fugitive

Fugitive is a git wrapper for vim, you can run practically every git command from fugitive.

vim-signify

Signify is a plugin to indicate what lines are removed/added/changed. It supports multiple vcs systems.

debugging

Debugging for specific languages is not built into vim because there are many protocols and systems to support.

vdebug

Vdebug is a debug integration for Vim. Every debugger speaking DBGP protocol can be used. Xdebug uses DBGP ;)

Making our live easier

For php there are a number of usefull plugins to make our lives easier

NERDcommenter

NERDcommenter helps you to quickly add comments to a line or multiple lines.

UltiSnips

With UltiSnips you can create any possible snippet of code you want to reuse often

vim-snippets

But why recreate default templates when there is a central repository for those

php_getset

php_getset creates getter and setter methods from the paramters selected in your class.

Plugin manager

In the old days you usually installed plugins by extracting a zipfile in your “~/.vim” folder. Luckily, these days are over, now we have several plugins ;) that manage our plugins.

Some “plugin managers”:

• pathogen is very simple by concept and use
• Vundle is using a config file and installs plugins automatically
• NeoBundle is based on Vundle, but adds more features